在美國(guó)的財(cái)產(chǎn)法中，一個(gè)土地的無(wú)權(quán)占有者在滿足了一定條件后，就可以成為這塊土地的主人，而土地的真正主人將喪失他的權(quán)利。那么是哪些條件可以讓一塊土地輕松易主呢？一起來(lái)看一下吧。
反向占有
Adverse Possession
Adverse possession means that if the owner of the land does not, within the statutory period, take action to eject a possessor who claims adversely to the owner, title vests in the possessor. For possession to ripen into title, it must be continuous, opens and notorious, actual and exclusive，and hostile.
反向占有是指如果土地所有權(quán)人未在法定期間內(nèi)驅(qū)逐不利于自己的占有者，所有權(quán)將授予占有者。因占有取得所有權(quán)，占有必須是持續(xù)的、公開(kāi)的、實(shí)際且排他的，以及不利的。
“Continuous” means that the adverse claimant’s possession must be continuous throughout the statutory period, intermittent periods of occupancy are not sufficient.
“持續(xù)的”是指反向權(quán)利主張者的占有必須持續(xù)貫穿法定期間的始終，間歇性的占有是充分的。
“Opens and Notorious” means that the occupation must be sufficiently apparent to put the true owner on notice that a trespass is occurring.
“公開(kāi)的”是指占有必須足夠明顯以使實(shí)際所有人知道非法侵入的發(fā)生。
“Actual” means that the adverse possessor will gain title only to land they actually occupy or invalid deed describes.
“實(shí)際的”是指反向占有者僅可對(duì)其實(shí)際占有的土地或無(wú)效契約中所描述的土地享有權(quán)利。
“Exclusive” means that the possessor is not sharing with the true owner and the public.
“排他的”是指占有者未于實(shí)際所有人或公眾分享權(quán)利。
“Hostile” means that the possessor enters without the owner’s permission.
“不利的”是指占有者的進(jìn)入未經(jīng)實(shí)際所有人許可。
The statute of limitations begins to run when the true owner can first bring suit. It does not run against a holder of future interest until the interest becomes possessory, nor does it run if the true owner, at the inception of the adverse possession, is afflicted by a disability.
訴訟時(shí)效自實(shí)際所有權(quán)人首次提起訴訟時(shí)生效。未來(lái)權(quán)利持有者的權(quán)利尚未成為所有權(quán)的，或在反向占有發(fā)生時(shí)，實(shí)際權(quán)利人是無(wú)行為能力的，訴訟時(shí)效不生效。
Exception 例外
Title to government-owned land and land registered under a Torrens system cannot be acquired by adverse possession.
國(guó)有土地或者按照托倫斯制度登記的土地所有權(quán)的取得，不適用反向占有。
我國(guó)《民法典》
第二百三十五條 無(wú)權(quán)占有不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求返還原物。
作者介紹
延彬彬律師
現(xiàn)為上海律宏律師事務(wù)所合伙人律師，民革黨員。先后被評(píng)為民革上海市委三八紅旗手、民革普陀區(qū)委先進(jìn)個(gè)人，并在第一屆上海律師學(xué)術(shù)大賽中獲“代理詞評(píng)選”優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng)，持有證券從業(yè)資格證、上海市知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)工作者證等。
執(zhí)業(yè)領(lǐng)域：
不良資產(chǎn)處置，企業(yè)法律顧問(wèn)，各類合同糾紛，勞動(dòng)人事糾紛，婚姻家庭糾紛的處理，刑事案件以及行政案件的處理，醫(yī)療器械行業(yè)法律服務(wù)，美國(guó)綠卡申請(qǐng)及綠卡爭(zhēng)議解決等。
執(zhí)業(yè)理念：
每個(gè)人都值得擁有自己的私人律師。
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