經(jīng)常在美劇中聽到一級謀殺、二級謀殺、重罪謀殺這些概念,不同的謀殺是如何定性的。一起來感受一下吧。
Common Law Murder
普通法下的謀殺
Common law murder is the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought. Malice aforethought was committed with one of the following states of mind:
? intent to kill
? Intent to inflict great bodily injury
? reckless indifference to an unjustifiably high risk to human life; or
? intent to commit a felony
普通法下的謀殺是有預(yù)謀的非法殺害一個(gè)人。預(yù)謀在主觀上表現(xiàn)為故意殺害;故意使之遭受嚴(yán)重的身體傷害;魯莽的忽視對于一個(gè)人生命的不合理的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn);或者故意犯下重罪。
Statutory Murder
成文法下的謀殺
In some jurisdictions, murder is divided into degrees by statute.
在一些司法管轄區(qū),依據(jù)法規(guī),謀殺被劃分為不同的等級。
First Degree Murder
一級謀殺
First degree murder requires that the defendant made the decision to kill in a cool and dispassionate manner and actually reflected on the idea of killing. It requires a specific intent, meaning that the defendant must have acted with intent or knowledge that their conduct would cause death.
一級謀殺是指被告以一種非常冷靜的方式,切實(shí)的仔細(xì)思考?xì)⑷撕螅鞒龅臍⑷藳Q定。一級謀殺要求特定犯意,即被告的行為必須是故意的或者是知道他們的行為會(huì)導(dǎo)致死亡的后果。
Second Degree Murder
二級謀殺
Second degree murder is similar to common law murder. It can be any murder that is not classified as a first degree murder.
二級謀殺類似于普通法下的謀殺,它可以是除一級謀殺外的任何謀殺。
Felony Murder
重罪謀殺
Any death caused in the commission of, or in an attempt to commit, a felony is murder. The felonies most commonly listed are burglary, arson, rape, robbery, and kidnapping.
任何因?qū)嵤┗蛟噲D實(shí)施重罪而導(dǎo)致的死亡構(gòu)成重罪謀殺。通常所列重罪有夜盜、縱火、強(qiáng)奸、搶劫和綁架。
Voluntary Manslaughter
激情殺人
Voluntary manslaughter occurs when there is existence of adequate provocation. The provocation is adequate if it arouses sudden and intense passion in the mind of an ordinary person, causing them to lose self-control and leaving them no time to cool off.
當(dāng)存在充分的挑釁時(shí),就會(huì)發(fā)生激情殺人。充分的挑釁是指挑釁可以對一個(gè)普通人產(chǎn)生突然的強(qiáng)烈的激情,導(dǎo)致他們失去自我控制并使他們沒有時(shí)間冷靜下來。
Involuntary Manslaughter
非激情殺人
A killing is involuntary manslaughter if it was committed with criminal negligence during the commission of an unlawful act.
非激情殺人是指在實(shí)施一項(xiàng)不法行為的過程中,因犯罪性的過失而實(shí)施的殺人行為。
我國《刑法》
第二百三十二條? 故意殺人的,處死刑、無期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑;情節(jié)較輕的,處三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
第二百三十三條? 過失致人死亡的,處三年以上七年以下有期徒刑;情節(jié)較輕的,處三年以下有期徒刑。本法另有規(guī)定的,依照規(guī)定。
第二百三十四條? 故意傷害他人身體的,處三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
犯前款罪,致人重傷的,處三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;致人死亡或者以特別殘忍手段致人重傷造成嚴(yán)重殘疾的,處十年以上有期徒刑、無期徒刑或者死刑。本法另有規(guī)定的,依照規(guī)定。
作者介紹
延彬彬律師
現(xiàn)為上海律宏律師事務(wù)所合伙人律師,民革黨員。先后被評為民革上海市委三八紅旗手、民革普陀區(qū)委先進(jìn)個(gè)人,并在第一屆上海律師學(xué)術(shù)大賽中獲“代理詞評選”優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng),持有證券從業(yè)資格證、上海市知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)工作者證等。
執(zhí)業(yè)領(lǐng)域:
不良資產(chǎn)處置,企業(yè)法律顧問,各類合同糾紛,勞動(dòng)人事糾紛,婚姻家庭糾紛的處理,刑事案件以及行政案件的處理,醫(yī)療器械行業(yè)法律服務(wù)等。
執(zhí)業(yè)理念:
每個(gè)人都值得擁有自己的私人律師。
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