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律宏長(zhǎng)鏡頭 | Res Ipsa Loquitur

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2024-03-05 16:42:16


Res Ipsa Loquitur

 

 

 

非常喜歡法律英語(yǔ)中時(shí)不時(shí)蹦出的拉丁文。每次看到,都好像自己是在邂逅圣古先賢,并能感受到字母的亙古氣息。今天就來(lái)分享Res Ipsa Loquitur, 翻譯過(guò)來(lái)就是事實(shí)自證。

 

 

 

 

 

The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur requires the plaintiff to show that:

1. the accident causing the injury is a type that would not normally occur unless someone was negligence.

2. the negligence is probably attributable to the defendant (e.g., the instrumentality causing the injury was in the exclusive control of the defendant).

 

事實(shí)自證理論需要原告證明:

1. 致傷事故正常情況下是不可能發(fā)生的,除非是基于某些人的過(guò)失。

2. 過(guò)失很可能是歸因于被告(比如說(shuō)被告是致害工具的唯一控制人)。

 

 

 

 

 

For example, a vase fell from a window in D’s building, landing on P. Despite lack of direct proof of breach, because the vase does not normally fall out of windows unless D is negligent and because D had control of the vase.

 

例如:一個(gè)花瓶從被告房子的窗戶(hù)里飛出來(lái)砸到原告。盡管沒(méi)有直接過(guò)錯(cuò)證據(jù),但原告可以證明,如果不是被告的過(guò)失以及被告是這個(gè)花瓶的唯一控制人,通常情況下,這個(gè)花瓶是不可能從窗口里飛出來(lái)的。

 

 

 

 

 

Given that res ipsa loquitur is a permissible inference,the plaintiff can still lose if the inference of negligence is rejected by the trier of fact.

 

鑒于事實(shí)自證是一種可允許的推理,如果事實(shí)審判者否定這一過(guò)失推理,原告依然有可能敗訴。

 

 

 

 

 

In product liability cases, the plaintiff may invoke res ipsa loquitur if the defect is something that would not usually occur without the manufacture’s negligence. However, it is very difficult to hold intermediaries liable for negligence because they can usually satisfy their duty through a cursory inspection, unless the intermediary’s conduct exceeds ordinary foreseeable negligence.

 

在產(chǎn)品責(zé)任案件中,原告可以使用事實(shí)自證,如果產(chǎn)品缺陷不會(huì)發(fā)生除非生產(chǎn)商存在過(guò)失。但是很難追究中間商的過(guò)失責(zé)任,因?yàn)樗麄兺ǔ?梢酝ㄟ^(guò)粗略的檢查來(lái)履行義務(wù),除非他們的行為超出了通常可預(yù)見(jiàn)的過(guò)失。

 

 

 

 

 

作者介紹




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延彬彬律師

現(xiàn)為上海律宏律師事務(wù)所合伙人律師,民革黨員。先后被評(píng)為民革上海市委三八紅旗手、民革普陀區(qū)委先進(jìn)個(gè)人,并在第一屆上海律師學(xué)術(shù)大賽中獲“代理詞評(píng)選”優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng),持有證券從業(yè)資格證、上海市知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)工作者證等。

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